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Title:
From Shock Breakout to Peak and Beyond: Extensive Panchromatic Observations of the Type Ib Supernova 2008D Associated with Swift X-ray Transient 080109
Authors:
Modjaz, M.; Li, W.; Butler, N.; Chornock, R.; Perley, D.; Blondin, S.; Bloom, J. S.; Filippenko, A. V.; Kirshner, R. P.; Kocevski, D.; Poznanski, D.; Hicken, M.; Foley, R. J.; Stringfellow, G. S.; Berlind, P.; Barrado y Navascues, D.; Blake, C. H.; Bouy, H.; Brown, W. R.; Challis, P.; Chen, H.; de Vries, W. H.; Dufour, P.; Falco, E.; Friedman, A.; Ganeshalingam, M.; Garnavich, P.; Holden, B.; Illingworth, G.; Lee, N.; Liebert, J.; Marion, G. H.; Olivier, S. S.; Prochaska, J. X.; Silverman, J. M.; Smith, N.; Starr, D.; Steele, T. N.; Stockton, A.; Williams, G. G.; Wood-Vasey, W. M.
Affiliation:
AA(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ; Miller Fellow ; ), AB(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ), AC(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ; GLAST/Einstein Fellow ), AD(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ), AE(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ), AF(European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA ), AG(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ; Las Cumbres Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Dr., Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA ; Sloan Research Fellow ), AH(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ), AI(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA ), AJ(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ), AK(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ), AL(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA ), AM(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA ; Clay Fellow), AN(Center for Astrophysics & Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0389, USA ), AO(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA ), AP(LAEX, Centro de Astrobiología, (INTA-CSIC), Apdo. 78, E-28691 Villanueva de la Cañada (Madrid), Spain ), AQ(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA ), AR(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, C/Via Lactea S/N, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ), AS(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA ), AT(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA ), AU(Department of Astronomy, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA ), AV(University of California, Department of Physics, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA ; Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, LLNL, L-413, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA ), AW(Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave. Tucson, AZ 85721, USA ), AX(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA ), AY(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA ), AZ(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ), BA(Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA ), BB(University of California Observatories - Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA ), BC(University of California Observatories - Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA ), BD(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ), BE(Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave. Tucson, AZ 85721, USA ), BF(Astronomy Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA ), BG(Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA ), BH(University of California Observatories - Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA ), BI(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ), BJ(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ), BK(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ; Las Cumbres Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Dr., Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA ), BL(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ), BM(Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA ), BN(Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA ), BO(Department of Physics & Astronomy, 3941 O'Hara St, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA )
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 702, Issue 1, pp. 226-248 (2009). (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
09/2009
Origin:
IOP
ApJ Keywords:
galaxies: distances and redshifts, galaxies: individual: NGC 2770, supernovae: general, supernovae: individual: SN 2008D
DOI:
10.1088/0004-637X/702/1/226
Bibliographic Code:
2009ApJ...702..226M

Abstract

We present extensive early photometric (ultraviolet through near-infrared) and spectroscopic (optical and near-infrared) data on supernova (SN) 2008D as well as X-ray data analysis on the associated Swift X-ray transient (XRT) 080109. Our data span a time range of 5 hr before the detection of the X-ray transient to 150 days after its detection, and a detailed analysis allowed us to derive constraints on the nature of the SN and its progenitor; throughout we draw comparisons with results presented in the literature and find several key aspects that differ. We show that the X-ray spectrum of XRT 080109 can be fit equally well by an absorbed power law or a superposition of about equal parts of both power law and blackbody. Our data first established that SN 2008D is a spectroscopically normal SN Ib (i.e., showing conspicuous He lines) and showed that SN 2008D had a relatively long rise time of 18 days and a modest optical peak luminosity. The early-time light curves of the SN are dominated by a cooling stellar envelope (for Δt≈0.1-4 days, most pronounced in the blue bands) followed by 56Ni decay. We construct a reliable measurement of the bolometric output for this stripped-envelope SN, and, combined with estimates of E K and M ej from the literature, estimate the stellar radius R sstarf of its probable Wolf-Rayet progenitor. According to the model of Waxman et al. and Chevalier & Fransson, we derive R W07 sstarf = 1.2 ± 0.7R sun and R CF08 sstarf = 12 ± 7 R sun, respectively; the latter being more in line with typical WN stars. Spectra obtained at three and four months after maximum light show double-peaked oxygen lines that we associate with departures from spherical symmetry, as has been suggested for the inner ejecta of a number of SN Ib cores.
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