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Title:
Time Dilation in Type Ia Supernova Spectra at High Redshift
Authors:
Blondin, S.; Davis, T. M.; Krisciunas, K.; Schmidt, B. P.; Sollerman, J.; Wood-Vasey, W. M.; Becker, A. C.; Challis, P.; Clocchiatti, A.; Damke, G.; Filippenko, A. V.; Foley, R. J.; Garnavich, P. M.; Jha, S. W.; Kirshner, R. P.; Leibundgut, B.; Li, W.; Matheson, T.; Miknaitis, G.; Narayan, G.; Pignata, G.; Rest, A.; Riess, A. G.; Silverman, J. M.; Smith, R. C.; Spyromilio, J.; Stritzinger, M.; Stubbs, C. W.; Suntzeff, N. B.; Tonry, J. L.; Tucker, B. E.; Zenteno, A.
Affiliation:
AA(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; .), AB(Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.; Department of Physics, University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia.), AC(Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242.), AD(The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories, Cotter Road, Weston Creek, PO 2611, Australia.), AE(Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.), AF(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; .), AG(Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195-1580.), AH(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; .), AI(Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile.), AJ(Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile.), AK(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411.), AL(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411.), AM(Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670.), AN(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854.), AO(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; .), AP(European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany.), AQ(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411.), AR(National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719-4933.), AS(Fermilab, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510-0500.), AT(Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138.), AU(Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile.), AV(Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile.; Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138.), AW(Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218; and Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218.), AX(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411.), AY(Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile.), AZ(European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany.), BA(Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.; Las Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Observatories, Casilla 601, La Serena, Chile.), BB(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; .; Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138.), BC(Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242.), BD(Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822.), BE(The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories, Cotter Road, Weston Creek, PO 2611, Australia.), BF(Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801-3080.)
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 682, Issue 2, pp. 724-736. (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
08/2008
Origin:
UCP
ApJ Keywords:
Cosmology: Miscellaneous, Stars: Supernovae: General
DOI:
10.1086/589568
Bibliographic Code:
2008ApJ...682..724B

Abstract

We present multiepoch spectra of 13 high-redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) drawn from the literature, the ESSENCE and SNLS projects, and our own separate dedicated program on the ESO Very Large Telescope. We use the Supernova Identification (SNID) code of Blondin and Tonry to determine the spectral ages in the supernova rest frame. Comparison with the observed elapsed time yields an apparent aging rate consistent with the 1/(1+z) factor (where z is the redshift) expected in a homogeneous, isotropic, expanding universe. These measurements thus confirm the expansion hypothesis, while unambiguously excluding models that predict no time dilation, such as Zwicky's ``tired light'' hypothesis. We also test for power-law dependencies of the aging rate on redshift. The best-fit exponent for these models is consistent with the expected 1/(1+z) factor.

Based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the Paranal Observatory under programs 67.A-0361, 267.A-5688, 078.D-0383, and 080.D-0477 at the Gemini Observatory and NOAO, which are operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under cooperative agreements with the NSF; with the Magellan Telescopes at Las Campanas Observatory; and at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation.


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