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Title:
Early Ultraviolet, Optical, and X-Ray Observations of the Type IIP SN 2005cs in M51 with Swift
Authors:
Brown, Peter J.; Dessart, Luc; Holland, Stephen T.; Immler, Stefan; Landsman, Wayne; Blondin, Stéphane; Blustin, Alexander J.; Breeveld, Alice; Dewangan, Gulab C.; Gehrels, Neil; Hutchins, Robert B.; Kirshner, Robert P.; Mason, Keith O.; Mazzali, Paolo A.; Milne, Peter; Modjaz, Maryam; Roming, Peter W. A.
Affiliation:
AA(Pennsylvania State University, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University Park, PA 16802; .), AB(Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721.), AC(Astrophysics Science Division, X-Ray Astrophysics Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044.), AD(Astrophysics Science Division, X-Ray Astrophysics Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044.), AE(Astrophysics Science Division, X-Ray Astrophysics Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.), AF(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 01238.), AG(Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK.), AH(Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK.), AI(Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.), AJ(Astrophysics Science Division, Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.), AK(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 01238.), AL(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 01238.), AM(Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK.), AN(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, 34131 Trieste, Italy.; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astrophysik, 85741, Garching, Germany.), AO(Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721.), AP(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 01238.), AQ(Pennsylvania State University, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University Park, PA 16802; .)
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 659, Issue 2, pp. 1488-1495. (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
04/2007
Origin:
UCP
ApJ Keywords:
Galaxies: Individual: Messier Number: M51, Ultraviolet: General, X-Rays: General
DOI:
10.1086/511968
Bibliographic Code:
2007ApJ...659.1488B

Abstract

We report early photospheric-phase observations of the Type IIP supernova (SN) 2005cs obtained by the Swift ultraviolet-optical and X-ray telescopes. Observations started within 2 days of discovery and continued on a regular basis for 3 weeks. During this time the V-band magnitude remained essentially constant, while the UV was initially bright, but steadily faded until below the brightness of an underlying UV-bright H II region. This UV decay is similar to SNe II observed by the International Ultraviolet Explorer. UV grism spectra show the P Cygni absorption of Mg II 2798 Å, indicating a photospheric origin of the UV flux. Based on non-LTE model atmosphere calculations with the CMFGEN code, we associate the rapid evolution of the UV flux with the cooling of the ejecta, the peak of the spectral energy distribution (SED) shifting from ~700 Å on June 30 to ~1200 Å on July 5. Furthermore, the corresponding recombination of the ejecta, e.g., the transition from Fe III to Fe II, induces a considerable strengthening of metal line-blanketing at and above the photosphere, blocking more and more effectively this fading UV flux. SN 2005cs was not detected in the X-ray band, and the upper limit to the X-ray luminosity yields a limit to the mass-loss rate of the progenitor of M˙<~1×10-5 yr-1 (vw/10 km s-1). Overall, Swift represents a unique opportunity to capture the early and fast evolution of Type II SNe in the UV, providing additional constraints on the reddening, the SED shortward of 4000 Å, and the ionization state and temperature of the photon-decoupling regions.
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