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Title:
Spectroscopy of High-Redshift Supernovae from the ESSENCE Project: The First 2 Years
Authors:
Matheson, Thomas; Blondin, Stéphane; Foley, Ryan J.; Chornock, Ryan; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Leibundgut, Bruno; Smith, R. Chris; Sollerman, Jesper; Spyromilio, Jason; Kirshner, Robert P.; Clocchiatti, Alejandro; Aguilera, Claudio; Barris, Brian; Becker, Andrew C.; Challis, Peter; Covarrubias, Ricardo; Garnavich, Peter; Hicken, Malcolm; Jha, Saurabh; Krisciunas, Kevin; Li, Weidong; Miceli, Anthony; Miknaitis, Gajus; Prieto, Jose Luis; Rest, Armin; Riess, Adam G.; Salvo, Maria Elena; Schmidt, Brian P.; Stubbs, Christopher W.; Suntzeff, Nicholas B.; Tonry, John L.
Affiliation:
AA(National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719-4933 .), AB(European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany; , , .), AC(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411 , , , , .), AD(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411 , , , , .), AE(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411 , , , , .), AF(European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany; , , .), AG(National Optical Astronomy Observatory/Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile; , , , .), AH(Stockholm Observatory, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; .), AI(European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany; , , .), AJ(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; , , , .), AK(Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile; .), AL(National Optical Astronomy Observatory/Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile; , , , .), AM(Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822; , .), AN(Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195-1580 , , .), AO(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; , , , .), AP(Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195-1580 , , .), AQ(Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670 , .), AR(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; , , , .; Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138.), AS(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411 , , , , .), AT(Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670 , .), AU(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411 , , , , .), AV(Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195-1580 , , .), AW(Department of Physics, University of Washington, Box 351560, Seattle, WA 98195-1560 .), AX(Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 4055 McPherson Laboratory, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210; .), AY(National Optical Astronomy Observatory/Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile; , , , .), AZ(Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218; .), BA(Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories, Cotter Road, Weston Creek, ACT 2611, Australia; , .), BB(Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories, Cotter Road, Weston Creek, ACT 2611, Australia; , .), BC(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; , , , .; Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138.), BD(National Optical Astronomy Observatory/Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile; , , , .), BE(Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822; , .)
Publication:
The Astronomical Journal, Volume 129, Issue 5, pp. 2352-2375. (AJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
05/2005
Origin:
UCP
AJ Keywords:
Cosmology: Distance Scale, Galaxies: Distances and Redshifts, Stars: Supernovae: General
DOI:
10.1086/429679
Bibliographic Code:
2005AJ....129.2352M

Abstract

We present the results of spectroscopic observations of targets discovered during the first 2 years of the ESSENCE project. The goal of ESSENCE is to use a sample of ~200 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) at moderate redshifts (0.2<~z<~0.8) to place constraints on the equation of state of the universe. Spectroscopy not only provides the redshifts of the objects but also confirms that some of the discoveries are indeed SNe Ia. This confirmation is critical to the project, as techniques developed to determine luminosity distances to SNe Ia depend on the knowledge that the objects at high redshift have the same properties as the ones at low redshift. We describe the methods of target selection and prioritization, the telescopes and detectors, and the software used to identify objects. The redshifts deduced from spectral matching of high-redshift SNe Ia with low-redshift SNe Ia are consistent with those determined from host-galaxy spectra. We show that the high-redshift SNe Ia match well with low-redshift templates. We include all spectra obtained by the ESSENCE project, including 52 SNe Ia, five core-collapse SNe, 12 active galactic nuclei, 19 galaxies, four possibly variable stars, and 16 objects with uncertain identifications.

Based in part on observations obtained at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (NSF); the European Southern Observatory, Chile (ESO Programme 170.A-0519) the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by AURA under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership (the NSF [United States], the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council [United Kingdom], the National Research Council [Canada], CONICYT [Chile], the Australian Research Council [Australia], CNPq [Brazil], and CONICET [Argentina] [programs GN-2002B-Q-14, GN-2003B-Q-14, and GS-2003B-Q-11]) the Magellan Telescopes at Las Campanas Observatory; the MMT Observatory, a joint facility of the Smithsonian Institution and the University of Arizona; and the F. L. Whipple Observatory, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; the Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation.


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